Throat cancers can develop in different areas of the head and neck, specifically in the parts that help us speak, swallow, and breathe. Cancer in the throat (pharynx), vocal cords (larynx), or voice box are all forms of throat cancer. Usually, men are more likely to be affected than women and the risks also increase with age. The disease can spread quickly, so it is important to recognize the warning signs and get immediate help.

Persistent cough

If a cough develops and persists over a long period, especially without any apparent reason such as cold or flu, the person should consult with their doctor. Coughing is a common early sign of throat cancer that is easy to overlook as people can dismiss it as a cold symptom.

Difficulty in swallowing

If one feels discomfort or even mild pain while chewing, eating, drinking, or swallowing, it is a cause for concern. Some people might also experience a burning sensation. At times, food items may get stuck and people may need to repeatedly swallow to completely clear their mouth and throat. This could be an early sign that should not be ignored.

Coughing up blood

Sometimes people find blood in the mucus when they cough. This concern should be shared with the doctor if one notices blood repeatedly and/or in considerable quantities.

Lump in throat

A lump here would indicate swollen lymph nodes. This should not be overlooked as it is the most evident indicator of throat cancer. Further, once detected and confirmed as a definite symptom, it can imply that cancer has begun to spread.

Breathing issues

Head and neck cancers can cause nasal congestion, making it difficult to breathe. The disease can also block the airway in some instances. If one finds it hard to breathe without any apparent reasons such as intensive exercise or stress and anxiety, it could be a throat cancer symptom.

Wheezing

If one can hear a high-pitched whistling sound when they breathe in and out, it could be a subtle warning sign. Constricted air passages can cause wheezing and this is a common symptom of other health conditions as well. Regardless, all significant changes in breathing patterns should be communicated to your physician.

Changes in voice

This symptom usually develops when one has the flu or cold, which makes it easy to dismiss. However, a change in one’s voice can be an early sign of throat cancer, especially if it is sudden and/or persists for a while. The voice can become hoarser, quieter, or huskier, usually due to an issue with the vocal cords. Some people may also have trouble pronouncing specific words.

Pain in the throat area

Another common indicator is persistent sore throat and discomfort while eating or drinking. A lump in the throat may play a role in worsening the pain.

Nosebleeds

This can also be brought on by dry, sultry weather. However, in some cases, it can be a serious sign. Frequent nosebleeds could be a symptom of throat cancer.

Patches in the mouth

Another common early sign of throat cancer is the development of white (or even red) patches on the tongue or lining of the mouth. Any such discoloration in or around the mouth should be immediately communicated to the physician. If left untreated, these patches could become painful and cancerous.

Pain in the ears and jaw

Sudden bouts of pain in the ear or the surrounding area, including the jaw, could be symptoms of throat cancer. This could also turn into lingering pain that spreads to the cheeks. At times, tumors exert pressure in certain areas and press on the nerves, causing considerable pain. One may also experience ringing in their ears. If the pain occurs without apparent reason and does not ease over time, it should be diagnosed.

Swelling in the eyes, throat, and jaw

Sometimes throat cancer causes swelling in the tissues surrounding the eyes, or in parts of or the whole throat, and jaws.

Bad breath

This is one of the most common early signs of throat cancer. Bad breath is highly likely to go unnoticed as a serious symptom. However, serious disorders and illnesses can produce chemicals that cause persistent bad breath that may be difficult to eliminate.

Several factors such as poor nutrition and family history of head and neck cancers could increase the risk of developing throat cancers. While it is not possible to prevent throat cancer, you can make healthier lifestyle and food choices to reduce the risks. Signs and symptoms of throat cancer can vary depending on the severity of the disease, and several indications could be non-cancerous issues or simply false alarms. However, it is important to practice precaution and consult with doctors as and when one or more signs are observed.